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Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) occurs when the immune system is overactivated and causes inflammation. Learn about the signs, causes and treatment of MAS.

Developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation in sleep (DEE-SWAS)

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DEE-SWAS is a rare epilepsy syndrome that can affect children aged two to 12. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of DEE-SWAS.

Landau-Kleffner syndrome

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Read about the causes, symptoms and treatments for Landau-Kleffner syndrome.

Diagnosis of heart-related syndromes

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Learn about heart-related syndromes. A syndrome is a medical term for a collection of signs and symptoms that generally stem from a single cause.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

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Read about the causes and symptoms of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome epilepsy and how the condition is treated.

Down syndrome

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Down syndrome is a genetic condition present at birth. Learn about the symptoms, complications and outlook for children with Down syndrome.

Marfan syndrome and congenital heart conditions

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Marfan syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder of connective tissue. About 60% to 80% of people with this syndrome have heart problems.

Williams syndrome and congenital heart conditions

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Most children with Williams syndrome have a heart or blood vessel problem.

CHARGE syndrome

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The effects of CHARGE syndrome differ from one child to the next. Find out how this genetic condition is caused and treated.

Genetics and heart conditions

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Learn about the role that genetics plays in many heart conditions that afflict children.

Noonan syndrome and congenital heart conditions

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Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition. Learn about the symptoms and diagnosis of Noonan syndrome and the heart conditions associated with the condition.

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA)

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Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is an autoinflammatory disease that causes swelling in the joints. Learn about symptoms and treatment of sJIA.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

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Learn about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a rare syndrome linked to a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes

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Insulin resistance often accompanies polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Learn more about how PCOS can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)

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Learn about hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). This condition involves the left side of the heart being underdeveloped, and is extremely serious.

Down syndrome: Related medical conditions

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Children with Down syndrome may be at a higher risk for some medical conditions. Learn what these conditions are and how to manage them.

Nephrotic syndrome

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Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common kidney diseases in children. It presents as a group of symptoms, which occur together in the body and include the presence of protein (albumin) in the urine and edema (swelling).

Turner syndrome

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An overview of the causes, symptoms and complications of Turner syndrome.

22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS)

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22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic condition. Learn what causes it, how it's diagnosed and treated.

Flat head syndrome (positional plagiocephaly and brachycephaly)

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Learn about flat head syndrome and how it is treated.

Polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS)

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Polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder caused by hormonal imbalance. Learn about the effects of PCOS as well as possible treatment options.

COVID-19 and chronic pain in children and teens

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Learn about how to help children and teens with chronic pain cope during the COVID-19 pandemic, and which medications are used to treat chronic pain.

Rasmussen syndrome

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Find out the causes and symptoms of Rasmussen syndrome and how this form of epilepsy is treated.

Single ventricle anomalies

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Learn about single ventricle anomalies. This term refers to a group of severe conditions in which only one ventricle is of adequate size, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).

22q11 deletion syndrome: Genetics

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Learn about the genetic causes of 22q11 deletion syndrome, risk factors and confirming diagnosis.